Notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology on Issuing the Special Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Materials during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

Guo Ke Fa Gao [2017] No. 92

To the science and technology departments (committees, bureaus) of each province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government, the separately planned cities, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Science and Technology Bureau, and all relevant units:

In order to implement the Outline of the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy, the National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020), the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Scientific and Technological Innovation, and Made in China 2025, to promote the scientific and technological innovation and industrialization development in the field of materials in our country, to clarify the ideas, goals, task layout, and key directions of scientific and technological innovation in the field of materials during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and to standardize and guide the development of national materials science and technology in the next five years, the Ministry of Science and Technology has formulated the Special Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Materials during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, which is now issued to you for your implementation in conjunction with the actual situation.

Ministry of Science and Technology

April 14, 2017

Special Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Field of Materials during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

The 13th Five-Year Plan period is a decisive stage for China to comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society and advance into the ranks of innovative countries. In order to implement the National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020), the Outline of the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy, the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Scientific and Technological Innovation, and Made in China 2025, and to accelerate the promotion of scientific and technological innovation and industrialization development in the field of materials, this plan is specially formulated.

I. Situation and Needs

Materials serve various fields of the national economy, social development, national defense construction, and people's livelihood, becoming the material foundation and precursor of economic construction, social progress, and national security, supporting the entire social economy and national defense construction. Therefore, new materials technology is a strategic emerging industry that countries around the world are vying for, becoming one of the most important and fastest-growing scientific and technological fields. The transformation from "one generation of equipment, one generation of materials" to "one generation of materials, one generation of equipment" highlights the strategic role of materials. The development of materials technology can promote the formation and development of China's strategic emerging industries, and will also drive the technological upgrading and product updating of traditional industries and pillar industries.

(1) International Development Situation of Materials Science and Technology

In recent years, the new round of global industrial transformation has provided important opportunities for the adjustment of the materials industry structure. The research and development in the field of materials technology is facing new breakthroughs, new materials and new material structures are constantly emerging, the global development of new materials technology and industry is booming, and new materials technology has become one of the hot spots of competition among countries.

At present, the country that is comprehensively leading the world in the field of materials is still the United States. Japan has obvious advantages in nanomaterials and electronic information materials, South Korea in display materials and storage materials, Europe in structural materials, optical and optoelectronic materials, and nanomaterials, and Russia in high-temperature resistant materials and aerospace materials. China's research level and achievements in nanomaterials, nonlinear laser crystals, third-generation semiconductors, semiconductor lighting, and rare earth materials are at the same development stage as the international advanced level, and some are at the leading level. There is still a large gap between China and foreign advanced levels in carbon fiber and its composite materials, high-temperature alloys, high-density information storage materials, and display technology.

The overall development trend of current materials technology is as follows: the preparation and application of materials are developing towards low-dimensionality, miniaturization, and artificial structures; the integration of material structure and function, the intelligence of functional materials, the integration of materials and devices, and the greening of preparation and application processes have become important directions for materials research and development; the research and development cycle of materials is shortened, and the number of applicable materials is rapidly increasing; the cross-integration of materials with physics, chemistry, information, biology and other multi-disciplines is intensifying, and the role of multi-disciplinary cross-integration in materials innovation is becoming increasingly important; materials research and development is becoming more beneficial to people's livelihood, and is playing an increasingly important role in the sustainable development of resources and energy.

(2) Development Situation of Materials Science and Technology in China

In recent years, the scientific and technological development in the field of materials has been very rapid. In 2005, the number of scientific and technological papers in the field of materials in China (excluding Taiwan and Hong Kong) reached the world's first place. From 2011 to 2015, China published 114,734 SCI papers in the field of materials, 2.17 times that of the United States (52,865 papers) and 5.18 times that of Japan (22,148 papers). At the same time, China's highly cited papers in the field of materials reached 1,517, 1.22 times that of the United States (1,246 papers) and 6.83 times that of Japan (222 papers). In 2008, the number of invention applications in the field of materials in China reached the world's first place. From 2011 to 2015, the number of authorized patents in the iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemical, light industry, textile, and building materials industries alone reached 750,000, including 230,000 inventions. The number of professional and technical personnel in the field of materials in China has steadily increased, with 210 academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 1.15 million R&D personnel, and more than 40,000 undergraduate graduates, and more than 10,000 master's and doctoral graduates in materials science each year. A relatively complete R&D and industrialization system has been initially formed in the field of materials, with nearly 400 national key laboratories, national engineering (technology) research centers, and industrialization bases.

At present, the development layout of China's materials field is reasonable, and fruitful achievements have been made. China's output of more than 100 kinds of materials such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, rare earth metals, cement, glass, and chemical fibers has reached the world's first place. The steady improvement of China's materials science and technology level and the continuous enhancement of innovation ability have effectively promoted the engineering and industrialization of achievements such as semiconductor lighting, new display, high-performance fibers and composite materials, and polysilicon, cultivating and developing a number of emerging industries and new economic growth points; breakthroughs have been made in key technologies such as super steel (fine crystal steel), electrolytic aluminum, low-environmental-load cement, perfluorinated ion membranes, and polyolefin catalysts, making important contributions to the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, and petrochemicals; major progress has been made in the fields of nanomaterials and devices, artificial crystals and all-solid-state lasers, optical fibers, and superconducting materials, occupying a place in the world's scientific and technological frontier; biomaterials, rapid diagnostic technologies for hepatitis and AIDS, and seawater and brackish water desalination technologies have been developed, providing a large number of new materials and new technologies for the benefit of people's livelihood through scientific and technological progress.

(3) Needs for the Development of Materials Science and Technology in China
The materials industry is the foundation of the national economy and plays a pivotal role. With the improvement of China's national strength and national status, the establishment of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, the exploitation of oil in the South China Sea, and the construction of large-scale projects such as national defense security, marine development, aerospace, advanced rail transit, and the peaceful use of nuclear power all urgently need core and key materials such as high-temperature alloys and high-performance carbon fibers.

For 20 years, the materials field has been closely aligned with the major needs of economic and social development, guided by national development strategic goals. Through unremitting efforts, a series of significant achievements have been made in key technological breakthroughs, the development of major products and technological systems, and major applications and demonstration projects. In areas such as semiconductor lighting projects, new flat-panel display technologies, all-solid-state lasers and their applications, intensification of chemical reaction processes, and the development of application technologies for advantageous resource materials, the development of engineering technologies for new material applications has been strengthened, significantly improving China's international competitiveness in the new materials industry and laying a solid foundation for accelerating the development and cultivation of strategic emerging industries; breakthroughs have been made in a number of key material preparation technologies in areas such as intelligent material design and material preparation technologies, optoelectronic information and functional materials, high-temperature superconducting materials and devices, high-efficiency energy materials, nanomaterials and devices, and high-performance structural materials, resulting in a number of core technological achievements with independent intellectual property rights, enhancing the continuous innovation capacity of the materials field; significant progress has been made in the high-performance and serialization of traditional materials and in saving resources, reducing energy consumption, and protecting the environment, promoting the upgrading of traditional industries; and in terms of military supporting materials and engineering application technologies, and the high-performance and application of domestically produced polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber, necessary material technology support has been provided for national defense and military construction.

However, the materials industry currently faces numerous challenges, mainly manifested in: the overall technological level of basic raw materials is not high, material and energy consumption and emissions are high, environmental pollution is serious (the proportion of material industry energy consumption in total industrial energy consumption and national total energy consumption reached 60% and 44%, respectively), industrial competitiveness is weak, profit margins are low, serious overcapacity exists in some industries, and core technologies, processes, and equipment still partially rely on imports. In the new materials industry, R&D mainly focuses on following foreign advancements, with less original innovation. National major projects and national defense construction have a strong demand for new materials, but the supporting and engineering capabilities of new materials are weak, and the industrialization level of high-end products is low; the market for emerging materials is huge, with strong demand and fierce international competition. China urgently needs to improve the competitiveness and market share of its high-end materials manufacturing industry. The talent pool lacks stability in basic research teams, insufficient fluidity in engineering application technology teams, and excessive fluidity in emerging industry talent.

II. Guiding Ideology and Basic Principles

(I) Guiding Ideology

Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, deepen the implementation of the "National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006-2020)", the "National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy Outline", the "13th Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", and the "Made in China 2025" policy deployments, adhere to the development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, adhere to the guiding principles of independent innovation, key breakthroughs, supporting development, and leading the future, uphold the principle that innovation is the primary driving force for development, grasp the new trends in the development of materials science and technology innovation, deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy, focus on enhancing the original innovation capacity in the materials field, use the greening and quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of traditional materials to promote industrial upgrading as the main line, aim to meet the urgent needs of national major strategies and national defense construction for materials, strengthen the basic innovation capacity of materials, improve the level of full-chain integration, integration, and application, improve the multi-level and multi-type talent training system, expand scientific and technological open cooperation, vigorously promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation in the materials field, stimulate creativity, enhance new development momentum, and build a new industrial system and new development mechanism. Achieve a historic leap from large to strong in materials, supporting supply-side structural reform and the sustainable and healthy development of the economic and social development.

(II) Basic Principles

In accordance with the deployment of the "13th Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", adhere to meeting major national needs as the strategic task of the materials field, adhere to accelerating catch-up and leading as the focus of materials technology development, adhere to benefiting people's livelihood development through materials science and technology progress as the fundamental purpose, adhere to deepening reform as the powerful driving force for the development of the materials field, adhere to talent-driven as the essential requirement for the growth of the materials industry, and adhere to a global perspective as an important guide for materials science and technology development.

Adhere to innovation-driven and deepening reform. Place innovation at the core of the overall development of the materials industry, give full play to the role of enterprises as the main body of innovation, alliances, and various new types of R&D organizations and industrial innovation centers in collaboration, openness, and innovation, and promote cross-field and cross-industry integrated innovation development; unswervingly deepen reforms and improve the policy environment conducive to innovation development.

Adhere to green development and quality first. Improve resource utilization efficiency, promote the renewable cycle of materials, change the traditional materials industry development model of high energy consumption, high emissions, and difficult recycling, and build a green industrial system; cultivate a group of industrial clusters and enterprises with core competitiveness, strengthen the main responsibility and awareness of enterprise quality, and strengthen the cultivation of independent brands. Establish a system of regulations and standards and a quality supervision system, and follow the path of quality improvement and efficiency enhancement and ecological civilization development.
Adhere to the combination of market-led and government-guided approaches. Fully deepen reforms, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and ensure that the national, local, and enterprise levels have a reasonable division of labor and make the most of their respective strengths, strengthen the main position of enterprises, and stimulate enterprise vitality and creativity; the government will focus on strengthening strategic research and planning guidance, improve relevant support policies, and create a good development environment.

Adhere to the combination of problem-oriented and forward-looking layout. Address the bottlenecks and weaknesses that constrain the development of materials, accelerate transformation and upgrading and quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, and effectively improve the core competitiveness and sustainable development capacity of the industry. Accurately grasp the trend of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen strategic planning and forward-looking deployment, lay a solid foundation, occupy the commanding heights in future competition, and optimize the industrial structure.

Adhere to the combination of overall advancement and key breakthroughs. Adhere to unified planning, reasonable layout, clarify the direction of innovative development, and accelerate the overall improvement of the materials industry. Focusing on the major needs of economic and social development and national security, concentrate efforts, highlight key areas, combine points and surfaces, integrate various resources, implement several key projects and national major projects, and achieve breakthroughs.

Adhere to the combination of independent development and open cooperation. In the basic, strategic, and overall fields related to national economy and people's livelihood and industrial security, focus on mastering key core technologies, improve the industrial chain, form independent development capabilities and new comparative advantages, make full use of global resources and markets, and conduct in-depth industrial global layout and international exchange and cooperation.

III. Development Goals

(I) Overall Goals

Implement the "National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006-2020)", the "13th Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", and "Made in China 2025", deploy innovation chains around industrial chains, implement major materials science and technology projects, focus on ensuring supply-side structural reform in key basic industries, meet the major needs of economic and social development and national defense construction for materials, enhance China's innovation capabilities in the materials field, and lead and support the development of strategic emerging industries.
Through forward-looking deployment strategies, scientifically grasp the originality of new technologies, target major, core, and key technological issues in the major fields of national economic and social development, implement major projects and key projects in the materials field, conduct full-chain design from basic frontiers and major common key technologies to application demonstrations, and implement integrated organization, so that basic frontier R&D activities in materials have clearer demand orientation and industrialization direction; implement technology innovation guidance strategies, focusing on cultivating growth points in strategic emerging industries; effectively strengthen China's independent innovation capabilities in the field of high-tech materials, effectively enhance the core competitiveness of the industry, and provide strong material support for China's economic and social development and national security.

Strengthen the construction of China's materials system, vigorously develop high-performance carbon fiber and composite materials, high-temperature alloys, military new materials, third-generation semiconductor materials, new display technologies, special alloys, and rare earth new materials, etc., to meet the material needs of China's major projects and national defense construction.

Focus on developing advanced structural material technologies such as marine engineering materials, high-quality special steel, advanced light alloys, special engineering plastics, and special glass and ceramics; special functional and intelligent material technologies such as high-performance membrane materials, intelligent/biomimetic/metamaterials, high-temperature superconducting materials, new biomedical materials, and ecological and environmental materials; strategic advanced electronic material technologies such as new microelectronic/optoelectronic/magnetoelectronic materials, printed electronic materials, functional crystals, and laser technology; materials genome technology characterized by high-throughput design/preparation/characterization; and graphene and other nanomaterials technologies. Drive the formation of growth points in strategic emerging industries and effectively promote the development of material industries with broad market prospects, low resource consumption, high driving coefficient, high employment opportunities, and good comprehensive benefits.

Vigorously promote the technological upgrading of basic raw materials in large quantities such as steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, light industry, textiles, and building materials. Achieve key breakthroughs in key common technologies for key basic materials, improve the overall competitiveness of the industry, achieve cooperation in advantageous production capacity, implement energy conservation and emission reduction, and achieve the transformation of China's materials industry from large to strong.

Strengthen the construction of talent teams in the field of materials, forming a materials talent system and its evaluation mechanism composed of core leading talents, research and development talents, engineering and technical talents, and skilled talents in the field of materials, and improving the overall quality and level of innovative and entrepreneurial talent teams; focusing on improving the level and proportion of enterprise technological innovation and entrepreneurial talents to meet the needs of the development of the materials field.

(II) Target and Indicator System

Surrounding the overall goal of the development of the materials field during the "13th Five-Year Plan", in terms of improving basic material technology and industrial upgrading, we will focus on solving major common problems faced by key basic material industries such as product homogeneity, low value, high environmental load, low energy efficiency, and resource bottlenecks. Promote the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of key basic raw material industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, light industry, textiles, and building materials. Through key breakthroughs in key technologies such as basic material design and development, manufacturing processes and process optimization, and key technologies and domestically produced equipment, achieve high performance and high added value of key basic material products and green, efficient and low-carbon production. Establish a complete intellectual property and standards system and improve the basic material industry chain. Enhance the overall competitiveness of China's basic materials industry and meet the needs of "Made in China 2025", "the Belt and Road", innovation and development of strategic emerging industries, new industrialization, urbanization, and regional economic construction. Provide support for China's participation in the new round of global industrial transformation and competition, and achieve the transformation of China's materials industry from large to strong, and the transformation of materials technology from a follower to a parallel and leading one.

In terms of new material technology development, we will target national major needs and global technological and industrial commanding heights. Strategic electronic material technology will focus on third-generation semiconductor materials and semiconductor lighting and new displays, with a focus on high-power laser materials and devices and high-end optoelectronic and microelectronic materials. The two core directions of third-generation semiconductor materials and semiconductor lighting and new displays will achieve internationally advanced levels overall, with some key technologies reaching internationally leading levels; key technologies in the two key directions of high-power laser materials and devices and high-end optoelectronic and microelectronic materials will reach internationally advanced levels. Advanced structural and composite materials will focus on solving important scientific and technological problems in the design, preparation and engineering application of advanced structural materials. Key research will focus on high-performance fibers and composite materials, high-temperature alloys, special alloys for high-end equipment, key structural materials for marine engineering, lightweight high-strength materials, high-performance polymer structural materials, material surface engineering technology, 3D printing materials and powder metallurgy technology, metal-ceramic composite materials and other key materials and technologies, achieving a leapfrog development in China's research and application of high-performance structural materials. New functional and intelligent materials will break through the basic scientific problems and industrialization and application integration key technologies and efficient complete sets of equipment technologies of new rare earth functional materials, intelligent/biomimetic and metamaterials, new generation biomedical materials, advanced energy materials, high-performance separation membrane materials, ecological environmental materials, and special functional materials for major equipment and engineering.

In terms of transformative materials and new green manufacturing technologies, nanomaterial technology will focus on improving traditional nanomaterials and developing new nanomaterials, focusing on solving major common problems faced by the nanomaterial industry. Breakthroughs will be made in three aspects: the design of core nanomaterials, the optimization of the production process, and the development of key technologies and equipment. A relatively complete intellectual property rights and standards system will be established, improving China's international core competitiveness in the nanomaterial industry and achieving the transformation of China's nanomaterial industry from large to strong, becoming one of the international leaders. Materials genome engineering will build three demonstration platforms supporting China's materials genome engineering research and collaborative innovation development: high-throughput computing, high-throughput synthesis and characterization, and dedicated databases. Four key technologies will be developed: high-throughput computing methods for materials, high-throughput preparation technology, high-throughput characterization and service evaluation technology, and material big data technology for materials genome engineering. Demonstration applications will be carried out on energy materials and other materials to verify the advanced nature and applicability of the developed technologies and achieve breakthroughs.

In terms of material base and talent team construction, relying on national scientific research base platforms, a number of improved new material R&D platforms will be constructed. Actively guide various talents and teams to carry out cooperation and collaboration through platforms, bases, and alliances, strengthening original innovation capabilities and high-tech transfer and transformation capabilities. Build a multi-level materials talent team with a scale, structure, and quality that meet the requirements for achieving the goals of this plan.

Indicator system: Preliminary establishment of China's independent basic materials and new materials system; establishment of a technology innovation system combining production, academia, research, and application in the field of materials; development of high-performance structural and composite materials, special functional and intelligent materials, strategic advanced electronic materials, and nanomaterials series products and application technologies that comprehensively cover China's industrial applications; the self-sufficiency rate of key materials exceeds 80%; cultivation of 8-10 growth points for strategic emerging industries; development of high-throughput material simulation algorithms and computing software with independent intellectual property rights; establishment of computational platforms, experimental platforms, and database platforms for materials genome engineering; development of a series of new methods and equipment for high-throughput preparation and characterization; and achieving a 50% reduction in the R&D cycle and R&D cost of typical new materials.

Increase the average proportion of high-end products of China's key basic materials by 15%-20% and reduce carbon emissions by 500 million tons/year. The domestic market self-sufficiency rate of typical steel varieties and high-end non-ferrous metal materials exceeds 80%, the comprehensive energy efficiency of steel and non-ferrous metal production increases by 10%, the output value rate of chemical new materials and fine chemicals reaches 60%; the self-sufficiency rate of high-end products such as special engineering plastics increases from 30% to 50% within 5 years; the localization rate of key light industrial materials increases from 15% to 40%; the differentiation rate of chemical fibers increases from 56% to 65%, and the processing volume of industrial textile fibers increases from 23% to more than 30%; the output value ratio of the new building materials industry reaches about 16% of the total output value of building materials.

Form 3,000 items, formulate 500 standards and specifications, build 500 industrialization demonstration lines, and cultivate 15-20 full-chain research and development talent teams in key areas; gather 10-15 young talent teams engaged in forward-looking technological innovation, forming a talent ladder for research and innovation. Cultivate 1,000 leading innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

IV. Development Focus

During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the materials field will focus on the guiding ideology and overall goals of innovative development, closely combining the major needs of economic and social development and national defense construction. Key development will focus on improving basic material technology and industrial upgrading, strategic advanced electronic materials, key technologies and supporting platforms for materials genome engineering, nanomaterials and devices, advanced structures and composite materials, new functional and intelligent materials, and materials talent team construction.

(I) Upgrading Key Basic Material Technologies and Industries

1. Iron and Steel Materials Technology. High-quality special steel, green and intelligent steel manufacturing processes, high-strength, large-specification, easily weldable steel for shipbuilding and marine engineering, high-performance steel for transportation and construction, and high-performance steel for energy applications in harsh service environments, etc.

2. Non-ferrous Metal Materials Technology. Large-specification, high-performance light alloy materials, high-precision, high-performance copper and copper alloy materials, new rare/precious metal materials, high-quality powder metallurgy refractory metal materials and cemented carbides, advanced preparation and processing technologies for non-ferrous/rare/precious metal materials, etc.

3. Textile Materials Technology. Flexible and efficient preparation technology for chemical fibers, preparation technology for high-quality functional fibers and textiles, preparation and application of high-performance engineering textile materials, key technologies for bio-based textile materials, and efficient ecological dyeing and finishing technologies and applications for textile materials, etc.

4. Petroleum and Chemical Materials Technology. Green manufacturing of basic chemicals and key raw materials, key technologies for the production of clean gasoline and diesel, key technologies for the high-performance and processing of synthetic resins, key technologies for the high-performance of synthetic rubber, key technologies for green and high-performance fine chemicals, and special high-end chemical new materials, etc.

5. Light Industry Materials Technology. Technologies for efficient utilization of fiber raw materials based on the papermaking process and paper-based composite materials, lightweight and short-process processing and functionalization technologies for plastics, key materials and efficient production technologies for ecological leather, preparation technologies for green and efficient surfactants, and new environmentally friendly materials for pen making, etc.

6. Building Materials Technology. Special functional cement and green intelligent manufacturing, long-life high-performance concrete, special functional glass materials and manufacturing process technologies, key technologies for the manufacturing of advanced ceramic materials and precision ceramic components, and environmentally friendly and energy-saving non-metallic mineral functional materials, etc.

(II) Strategic Advanced Electronic Materials

1. Third-Generation Semiconductor Materials and Semiconductor Lighting Technology. Growth control laws of large-size, high-quality third-generation semiconductor substrates and thin-film materials epitaxy, green manufacturing technology of the entire technical chain of high-efficiency full-spectrum light source core materials, devices, and lamps, key technologies beyond lighting and visible light communication, system integration and application demonstration, high-performance radio frequency devices, power electronic devices and their module design, process technology and application demonstration, and core equipment manufacturing technology, etc.

2. New Display Technology. Printing display device and basic process integration technology, key materials and technologies for soluble OLED/quantum dot/TFT printing displays, high-performance/low-cost/long-life red, green, and blue laser materials and device technologies, laser display integration technology, and key material characterization and evaluation technologies, etc.

3. High-Power Laser Materials and Lasers. Laser-matter interaction mechanism, large-size/low-loss high-power laser crystals and fiber coupling technology, high-power fiber laser materials and devices, high-performance nonlinear crystal materials, high-power fiber lasers, short-pulse laser technology, high-power mid-infrared and ultraviolet laser technology, etc.

4. High-End Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials. Low-dimensional semiconductor heterojunction materials, semiconductor sensing materials and devices, new high-density storage and spin-coupled materials, high-performance alloy conductive materials, new generation supporting materials for micro-nano electronic manufacturing, high-performance electromagnetic dielectric materials and key materials for passive electronic components, surface acoustic wave materials and device technology, etc.

5. Frontier Cross-Electronic Materials. Controllable preparation of large-area two-dimensional electronic functional materials, flexible electronic materials, perovskite electronic materials, and heterojunction structures of the above materials; organic/inorganic integrated electronic materials and devices. New high-performance micro-nano optoelectronic devices, spin devices, tunnel transistors, and flexible wearable optoelectronic and logic devices.

(III) Key Technologies and Supporting Platforms for Materials Genome Engineering

1. Third-Generation Semiconductor Materials and Semiconductor Lighting Technology. Growth control laws of large-size, high-quality third-generation semiconductor substrates and thin-film materials epitaxy, green manufacturing technology of the entire technical chain of high-efficiency full-spectrum light source core materials, devices, and lamps, key technologies beyond lighting and visible light communication, system integration and application demonstration, high-performance radio frequency devices, power electronic devices and their module design, process technology and application demonstration, and core equipment manufacturing technology, etc.

2. New Display Technology. Printing display device and basic process integration technology, key materials and technologies for soluble OLED/quantum dot/TFT printing displays, high-performance/low-cost/long-life red, green, and blue laser materials and device technologies, laser display integration technology, and key material characterization and evaluation technologies, etc.

3. High-Power Laser Materials and Lasers. Laser-matter interaction mechanism, large-size/low-loss high-power laser crystals and fiber coupling technology, high-power fiber laser materials and devices, high-performance nonlinear crystal materials, high-power fiber lasers, short-pulse laser technology, high-power mid-infrared and ultraviolet laser technology, etc.

4. High-End Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials. Low-dimensional semiconductor heterojunction materials, semiconductor sensing materials and devices, new high-density storage and spin-coupled materials, high-performance alloy conductive materials, new generation supporting materials for micro-nano electronic manufacturing, high-performance electromagnetic dielectric materials and key materials for passive electronic components, surface acoustic wave materials and device technology, etc.

5. Frontier Cross-Electronic Materials. Controllable preparation of large-area two-dimensional electronic functional materials, flexible electronic materials, perovskite electronic materials, and heterojunction structures of the above materials; organic/inorganic integrated electronic materials and devices. New high-performance micro-nano optoelectronic devices, spin devices, tunnel transistors, and flexible wearable optoelectronic and logic devices.

(III) Key Technologies and Supporting Platforms for Materials Genome Engineering
Constructing three major platforms: high-throughput computing, high-throughput experiments, and dedicated databases; developing four key technologies: multi-level cross-scale design, high-throughput preparation, high-throughput characterization and service evaluation, and materials big data; realizing the transformation of new material R&D from the traditional "experience-guided experiment" mode to the new mode of "theoretical prediction and experimental verification"; achieving breakthroughs in the demonstration application of five typical new materials; and achieving the goal of halving the R&D cycle and cost of new materials.

1. Constructing Three Major Platforms. Constructing an integrated innovation infrastructure and related technologies, including high-throughput computing platforms, high-throughput preparation and characterization platforms, and dedicated database platforms.

2. Developing Four Key Technologies. Multi-scale integrated, high-throughput concurrent computing methods and software, high-throughput material preparation technology, high-throughput characterization and service behavior evaluation technology, and big data technology for materials genome engineering.

3. Demonstration Applications of Typical Materials. Based on the construction of three major platforms (demonstration platforms) and breakthroughs in four key technologies, adopting the R&D concept and model of integrated and collaborative innovation of computation (theory)/experiment/database, conducting verification and demonstration application research on energy materials, biomedical materials, rare earth functional materials, catalytic materials, and special alloy materials, etc.

(IV) Nanomaterials and Devices

1. Graphene Carbon Material Technology. Industrial preparation technology for monolayer graphene powder and high-quality large-area graphene films, large-area preparation technology for flexible electronic devices, efficient dispersion, compounding, and application technology for graphene powder, and high-catalytic activity nano-carbon-based materials and application technology.

2. Information Electronics Nanomaterials Technology. Nanowireless sensing materials and devices, new MEMS gas-sensitive sensing materials and devices, wearable flexible and harsh service condition sensing materials and devices, etc., new generation electronic packaging transparent nano-composite materials with high refractive index, high conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high humidity resistance, high UV resistance, and anti-aging properties.

3. Energy Conversion and Storage Nanomaterials Technology. Nanostructure control and assembly technology, efficient organic-inorganic composite technology, high-selectivity and high-conversion rate nano-catalytic materials, high energy density dielectric, thermoelectric, photovoltaic, secondary battery materials, low-cost fuel cell catalysts, lightweight and high-capacity hydrogen and methane storage materials, and flexible and weavable supercapacitor electrode materials, etc., nanomaterials and device technologies.

4. Nanobiomedical Materials Technology. Controllable preparation technology for the structure and morphology of nanobiomedical materials, nanobiomedical detection and diagnostic technology, nanomedicine and intelligent controlled-release and targeting technology, tissue engineering scaffolds, nanoregenerative medicine and implant nanosurface modification technology, high-end tissue and organ repair and replacement products, safety evaluation and key quality technologies of nanobiomedical materials.

5. Nanomaterials Technology for Traditional Industry Upgrading and Energy Saving and Emission Reduction. Low-cost green controllable preparation technology for nanofunctional materials, high-efficiency monodisperse and application technology of nanomaterials, new generation of intelligent energy-saving, anti-corrosion and anti-fouling surface treatment and performance control wet chemical technology, engineering application technology of nanomodified integrated structural and functional composite materials.

6. Nanofabrication, Preparation, Characterization, Safety Evaluation, Standard Technology and Equipment. New principles, methods, technologies, equipment and platform systems for the measurement of physical properties such as photoelectric magnetism and heat at the nanoscale. Evolution behavior of nanomaterials in the environment, safety assessment system of nanomaterials and tissues, organs, target cells, and target molecules. Nanomaterial standards, new equipment system for large-scale stable preparation and processing of nanomaterials.

(5) Advanced Structures and Composite Materials

1. High-performance fibers and composite materials. High-performance carbon fibers, aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, special glass fibers, radiation-resistant polyimide fibers, ultra-high temperature resistant ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, etc., new matrix resins, reinforced fabrics, fiber prepregs, etc., composite component molding and application.

2. High-temperature alloys. Key technologies for ultra-clean smelting, defect control, microstructure control, and preparation of complex and large components, versatile technology for deformed and cast high-temperature alloys, single-crystal high-temperature alloys and powder metallurgy high-temperature alloys, and special-purpose high-temperature and corrosion-resistant alloys.

3. Special alloys for high-end equipment. Key technologies for ultra-high purity smelting and fine microstructure control of high-end special alloys, special alloys for ultra-supercritical power plant equipment, high-temperature, long-life, low-cost bearing alloys, and high-end die steel materials.

4. Key structural materials for marine engineering. Ultra-dense, highly weather-resistant, long-life structural materials, titanium alloys, high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant and anti-permeation high-strength concrete, and anti-corrosion coatings for marine engineering and equipment.

5. Lightweight and high-strength materials. New principles and technologies for new lightweight and high-strength materials, advanced aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, intermetallic compounds, high-entropy alloys and other lightweight and high-strength materials, new lightweight materials/structural integration, intelligence, flexible design and manufacturing technology.

6. High-performance polymer structural materials. High-performance polyetheretherketone, polyimide, polyarylsulfone ketone (sulfone), polycarbonate and polyphenylene sulfide materials, high-temperature resistant polylactic acid, fully bio-based polyesters, amino acid polymers and other new bio-based materials, high-performance synthetic rubber, etc.

7. Material surface engineering technology. Heat insulation, wear resistance, friction reduction, oxidation resistance, ablation resistance, fatigue resistance and other coating materials, wear and friction reduction technology for parts, new plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition technology, new life extension surface science and engineering technology.

8. 3D printing materials and advanced powder metallurgy technology. 3D printing of high-temperature alloys, special steel, titanium alloys, light alloys, polymer materials, structural ceramics, powder metallurgy precision parts, special powder metallurgy near-net-shape forming technology and gradient powder materials.

9. Metal and ceramic composite materials. Advanced aluminum-based, titanium-based, iron-based and other metal-matrix composite materials, metal layered composite materials, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride and boron nitride fibers and composite materials, high-temperature resistant ceramic matrix composite materials, low-cost carbon/ceramic composite materials.

(6) Novel Functional and Intelligent Materials

1. Novel rare earth functional materials. Rare earth magnetic, optical, wave-absorbing, catalytic, ceramic and other functional materials and devices, high-performance rare earth hydrogen storage materials, high-purity target materials and films, functional additives and other materials and technologies, new technologies for high-abundance rare earth applications.

2. Advanced energy materials. Key materials and engineering technologies for high-performance thin-film solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells, battery cascading utilization and green recycling technology, spent fuel reprocessing technology, mass production of advanced superconducting wires, films and devices, high-performance thermoelectric and energy-saving materials and technologies.

3. High-performance separation membranes. High-performance seawater desalination reverse osmosis membranes, water treatment membranes, special separation membranes, medium-high temperature gas separation and purification membranes, ion exchange membranes and other materials, as well as their large-scale production, engineering application technology and complete sets of equipment, domestic production of membrane raw materials and membrane module technology.

4. Intelligent, biomimetic and metamaterials. High-performance sensing and driving, gas-sensitive, ferroelectric-sensitive, shape memory, piezoelectric, giant magnetostrictive, pyroelectric, liquid metal and other functional materials and technologies, key biomimetic materials and technologies such as super-wettability control and ion channel energy conversion, high-performance multifunctional metamaterials and technologies.

5. New generation of biomaterials. New biomaterials and technologies, key technologies for domestic production of raw materials and preparation of high-end medical implants and interventional devices, new materials for medical diagnosis and treatment, and magnetic and optical targeting biomaterials.

6. Eco-environmental materials. Green evaluation and ecological design of material life cycle, environmentally friendly flame-retardant materials, purification materials, engineering technologies and demonstrations of high-quality, fully biodegradable carbon neutrality, and recycling technologies for failed electronics and refractory materials.

7. Special functional materials for major equipment and engineering. Friction braking materials for high-speed EMUs, corrosion-resistant self-lubricating composite materials for major maritime and aerospace equipment, piezoelectric materials and corrosion-resistant and extreme-temperature fluorinated sealing materials for aerospace, high-efficiency thermal management materials and electromagnetic shielding materials for supercomputers, temperature-sensing high-coercivity magnetic materials and components for non-active intelligent protection of nuclear power plants, and new electromagnetic damping materials for electromagnetic ejection safety systems, etc.

(7) Material Talent Team Construction

1. Continuously expand the talent team. Build a multi-level material talent team whose scale, structure, and quality are in line with the requirements for achieving the goals of this plan; cultivate 20,000 high-level talents in the materials field, including 1,000 high-level leading talents.

2. Coordinate the coordinated development of various types of talents. Focusing on strategic emerging material industries and frontier science and technology, cultivate 15-20 fully collaborative whole-chain research and development talent teams in key areas, gather 10-15 energetic young talent teams engaged in forward-looking technological innovation, and form a talent ladder for research and innovation.

3. Significantly improve the quality of enterprise personnel. Highlight the construction of material enterprise talent teams, promote talent to gather in enterprises, and further optimize the talent structure. By 2020, the proportion of skilled workers in material enterprises will increase to more than 58% of the total employees, and the proportion of personnel with junior college education or above will increase to more than 22% of all employees.

4. Gradually form a new mechanism for talent cultivation, use, and management that adapts to the development of the materials field. Through mechanism and system innovation, promote reforms in materials-related education, talent, labor, and distribution systems, create a good environment for the growth and emergence of high-level talents, and establish an evaluation system for different types of talents.

5. Strengthen the construction of platforms, bases, and alliances. Actively guide various talents and teams to carry out cooperation and collaboration through platforms, bases, and alliances, and strengthen the ability of original innovation and high-tech transfer and transformation. Build 5-10 industrial technology innovation strategic alliances in the field of materials, establish several national key new material technology innovation centers, and build 20-30 engineering bases for basic parts and key components guided by the state and mainly constructed by local governments.

V. Policy Measures

(1) Organization and Implementation Mechanism and Model

1. Based on top-level design, implement unified deployment. Based on the spirit of scientific and technological reform such as "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Institutional and Mechanism Reforms and Accelerating the Implementation of the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy" and the "Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System", combined with the basic, cross-cutting, systematic, complex, and long-term characteristics of materials, establish a cross-departmental, cross-regional coordination mechanism, strengthen the coordination and connection between materials science and technology plans and other national science and technology plans, and formulate policy safeguards measures jointly by multiple departments. Relying on professional institutions, organize well-known domestic and foreign experts to establish professional think tanks to participate in the full-process management of project demonstration and implementation, ensuring that top-level design and unified deployment are achieved in overall goal decision-making, and that continuous and supporting policy safeguards are formed in different stages of technology research and development, results transformation, demonstration promotion, and market cultivation such as testing and standard certification, to achieve full-chain technological innovation.

2. Implement multi-faceted linkage and form a development synergy. Strengthen the connection between materials science and technology planning and local science and technology and industrial development planning, make targeted use of local advantages and characteristics in resources, science and technology, industry, and economy, jointly formulate supporting policies for technological and industrial development, establish a cross-disciplinary, cross-industry, and cross-regional material industrial technology innovation chain based on local areas, driving the nation and leading the world, and promote the formation of material industrial clusters with their own characteristics. Cooperate with the implementation of key projects, implement supporting funds, and jointly ensure the achievement of the goals of key projects. Actively encourage social capital investment in research and development and industrialization, encourage social capital to participate in the establishment of material industry funds, achieve the magnification and increase of national investment, and optimize resource allocation.

3. Adhere to the principle of integrating military and civilian applications and strengthen military-civilian integration. Adhere to government leadership, give play to the role of market elements, promote the interactive development of national defense science and technology and civilian science and technology in the field of materials, and gradually unify military and civilian product and technology standards. Further enhance the role of national defense science and technology industry in promoting the national economy, strengthen the exchange and integration of national defense and civilian applications in the field of materials in terms of scientific and technological achievements, talents, funds, and information, and form a strong support force for national defense construction from the materials industry and a strong driving force for national defense material science and technology for national economic development, especially the new materials industry. Establish a military-civilian integrated materials research and development system. Increase policy support for the military-civilian integrated materials industry. Create a number of well-known military-civilian integrated brands with comparative advantages, and promote the further growth and development of the military-civilian integrated industry.
4. Follow the laws of material development and improve the organizational management model. Conforming to the characteristics of the materials field itself and the laws of its scientific and technological innovation and industrial development is the basic starting point for implementing the independent innovation strategy in the materials field. The cycle of basic research on materials is relatively long and far from the market, requiring a relatively high demand for a stable and continuous innovation environment, requiring a stable R&D team and continuous investment support; the research and development of key core technologies for industrialization is highly comprehensive and systematic, and the technology is closely connected with the market. Different organizational and management models should be adopted for material R&D at different stages of development. Industrialization projects adopt a "full-chain deployment and integrated implementation" approach, conducting "cross-disciplinary cooperation" and "large-scale operations". Adhere to the orientation of target problems, combine production, education, research, and application, implement major projects and key projects in the materials field, and solve the problem of "good materials are not well used and good materials are not used" that has plagued China's materials industry for a long time.

5. Give play to the advantages of alliances and enhance implementation effectiveness. Further give play to the collaborative innovation advantages of industrial technology innovation strategic alliances, promote the construction of open and international public R&D platforms and technology service platforms, the establishment of national technology innovation centers with innovative systems, mechanisms, and models, and the integration of cross-border technologies. When implementing projects of the "full-chain deployment and integrated implementation" type, support alliances to build technological research and development teams covering the entire innovation chain from basic research, major common key technology research and development, system integration, and application demonstration, promote the implementation of various supporting conditions for the project, and promptly and efficiently coordinate and solve various problems that arise during project implementation to ensure the smooth achievement of project goals.

(2) Funding Support Methods

Provide funding support for different types of material projects according to the relevant requirements of the national five categories of science and technology plans.

(3) Supporting Innovation Policies

1. Improve the innovation and development environment. Deepen the reform of the management of science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.), establish and improve the policy system for materials science and technology and industry. Support scientific research and demonstration applications in key areas of materials, promote technological innovation, transformation and upgrading, and structural layout adjustment of materials and related industries. Improve and implement government procurement policies supporting innovation, promote the research and development and large-scale application of innovative products in materials and related industries. Strengthen the coordination and cooperation of materials science and technology policies with policies related to industry, finance, taxation, investment, trade, land, resources, and environmental protection. Establish and improve a materials industry statistical monitoring system, grasp the dynamics of industry operation, and timely release relevant information to avoid blind development and repeated construction, and guide and regulate the orderly development of the materials industry. Formulate and improve industry access conditions, issue a guiding catalog of key material products, and implement major projects in the materials field.

2. Enhance sustainable innovation capabilities. Continuously increase investment in technological research and development, and attach importance to basic materials research and development, so that original innovation becomes the driving force for sustainable development. Give full play to the leading role of enterprises in innovation, and accelerate the cultivation of a group of material enterprises with a certain scale, prominent advantages and characteristics, and mastering core technologies. Encourage raw material industrial enterprises to vigorously develop deep processing and new material industries, extend the industrial chain, improve added value, and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional material industries. Attach great importance to the innovative role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the materials industry, support small and medium-sized materials enterprises to develop in the direction of "specialized, refined, distinctive, and new", improve the supporting capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises for large enterprises and major projects, and create a number of "small giant" material enterprises. Strengthen the deep integration of military and civilian technologies, enrich the forms of integration, expand the scope of integration, and improve the level and quality of integration. Improve the scientific and technological management system and mechanism, optimize the allocation of innovation resources, and improve innovation efficiency.

3. Increase the construction of public R&D service platforms, innovation bases, and industrial technology innovation strategic alliances. Increase the construction of national scientific research base platforms. Sort out advantageous disciplines with industrialization prospects, and support the construction of engineering experiment and verification platforms based on major application needs. Explore the establishment of new research and development institutions and mechanism innovation open international public research and development and service platforms through alliances, etc., to improve the engineering experiment verification capabilities such as single-item technology integration, testing and verification, and reliability evaluation. Conduct cross-industry and cross-field technology integration, amplification and industrialization pilot testing and verification through the platform, and carry out professional services. Focus on the research and development and integration of platform technologies to support mass entrepreneurship and innovation, create professional maker spaces, cultivate new economic growth points, and make the materials industry deeper and stronger. Build innovation bases in places with advantageous resources and conditions to achieve cluster development of industries. Strengthen the construction of industrial technology innovation strategic alliances in key areas, strengthen the alliance's liaison, organization, and service functions, and promote the rapid implementation of scientific research results.

4. Vigorously strengthen intellectual property protection and implement intellectual property and standard strategies. Guide enterprises to combine technological innovation, intellectual property protection, and standard setting to enhance industrial competitiveness. Construct and improve the public service platform for intellectual property rights in the materials field, regularly release the intellectual property rights situation in various key fields, and promote enterprises to improve their level of creating, protecting, using, and managing intellectual property rights. Aiming at the international advanced level and based on independent technology, we will improve the material standard system, technical specifications, testing methods and certification mechanisms, and create a standard service platform.

5. Accelerate the construction of multi-level and multi-type innovative talent teams. Combine talent team construction with R&D tasks and base construction, combine existing talent plans, and create a group of leading talents who lead the development of the materials field. Relying on key special projects and major projects, we will implement the integrated cultivation of "talents + projects + bases", and establish a full-chain talent team cultivation mechanism. Strengthen the training of forward-looking technology talents, focusing on the cutting-edge directions of materials research, to set up forward-looking and original technology talent teams. Actively introduce high-level and scarce talents needed for industrial development, and at the same time accelerate the construction and development of vocational training institutions, vigorously cultivate professional and technical talents, improve the overall quality of industrial technical teams, and improve the talent service system for the materials industry.

6. Deepen international cooperation and exchanges. Encourage international technology exchange activities, adopt various methods such as scientific and technological cooperation, technology transfer, production capacity cooperation, joint development and utilization of resources, and participation in international standard setting, to expand the influence and voice of China's material industry technological innovation in the world. Attract powerful multinational companies to establish high-level R&D centers, production centers and operation centers in China to drive the improvement of innovation capabilities of the industry and domestic enterprises. Encourage foreign enterprises and research institutions to establish material research and development institutions in China, and support qualified foreign-invested enterprises to cooperate with domestic material enterprises and scientific research institutions to apply for national scientific research projects. Support enterprises to merge and acquire overseas material enterprises and technology R&D institutions, participate in international technology alliances, develop international markets, and accelerate international operations.

7. Increase financial and tax policy support and improve the financing system for small and medium-sized enterprises. Strengthen innovation incentive measures, promote the expansion of equipment investment in the materials industry, and accelerate technological upgrading. Establish a government-led credit risk compensation fund, as well as market-oriented financing guarantee institutions for small and micro enterprises. Accelerate the establishment of a social credit system for small and medium-sized enterprises. Improve the regulatory mechanism, expand direct financing such as listing and bond issuance, and solve the financing guarantee problems for small and medium-sized enterprises through multiple channels. Encourage social capital to invest in R&D and industrialization, innovate various financial products suitable for the characteristics of the materials industry, and establish and improve a financing guarantee mechanism. Implement national financial policies supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, and support financial institutions to provide more financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises.

8. Improve the public service system and optimize and improve the mechanism for results transformation and technology transfer. Comprehensively use government procurement services, gratuitous assistance, business rewards, etc., to support material industry cluster areas to establish and improve public service platforms for public welfare industries, give full play to the professional advantages and industry resource integration capabilities of relevant industry organizations, further improve platform service functions, improve service quality and standardization, and form a service model suitable for the characteristics of small and micro enterprises. In the process of establishing and integrating common technology R&D platforms, further highlight the functions of results transformation, technology diffusion and transfer, and formulate and issue supporting policies conducive to technology transfer and results promotion of common technology R&D bases. Establish a reward and punishment mechanism for results promotion to promote the promotion and application of common technologies.

9. Focusing on the "One Belt, One Road" national strategy, we will give preferential support to material R&D projects that support "production capacity output and resource input." Encourage the use of technological advantages to develop foreign mineral resources (such as rare earths). Strengthen policy research, encourage large enterprises or institutions with advanced technologies to go global, develop foreign resources such as rare earths, protect domestic resources, and be in line with the country's advocated "using two types of resources and developing two markets," and achieve the goal of controlling resources with technology and transforming technological advantages into economic benefits.